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Mindfulness interventions teach and promote the use of psychological skills to improve quality of life among individuals with chronic conditions like rheumatic disease. These interventions largely act by reducing pain-related activation in the sensory cortex and increasing activity in the cingulate cortex, the area of the brain responsible for learning, memory, and processing bodily sensations, like pain.

Investigators discovered that women with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) have an overall higher disease burden and more peripheral manifestations when compared with men. They further theorized that awareness of these differences and the way the condition presents differently in both sexes may be used to more easily identify axSpA and improve disease management.